解析AI時代,無可取代的能力
如今,電腦能夠計算、解決複雜問題,甚至能夠學習,人類將被取代嗎?如果不會,什麼才是無法被替代的關鍵能力?
這個至關重要的能力,即是「構框(framing)」──能理解問題,並下意識地運用心智模型,想出嶄新的、更完善的解決方法。
所謂建構思考框架,意味著讓我們能夠看見模式、預測事情發展的走向,並能更快理解新的情勢,進而引領我們做出各種決定、並取得其後的成果。人們長久以來關注記憶和推理的能力,卻忽略了建構框架的重要性,但隨著電腦科技在處理認知工作上越來越進步,「構框」顯然成為一項重要、且唯有人類具備的能力。
《大數據》作者、《經濟學人》資深編輯庫基耶(Kenneth Cukier)和牛津大學網路研究所教授麥爾荀伯格(Viktor Mayer- Schönberger),以及歐洲管理與技術學院教授韋里考特(Francis de Véricourt),在本書中結合最新研究資料和引人入勝的實例,
深入探索了:
●構框的三個關鍵要素:因果關係的思考、反事實思維和限制條件
●為什麼「跳出傳統思考模式」是無用的建議
●怎麼知道何時該拋棄現有的框架,轉而建構新框架,以尋得更好的問題解決方法
●同時擁有多種框架的重要性:如果只具備一種思考框架,那麼在對於世界的理解上,人類與電腦的差異將極其有限
這部精采的作品,不僅向讀者解析為何AI無法取代人類思維,更是一部寫給所有人的問題解決力培養指南,針對如何在每日的生活中運用「構框」能力來做決策,提供了實用的建議。(文/博客來編譯)
The essential tool that will enable humanity to find the best way through a forest of looming problems is defined in Framers by internationally renowned authors Kenneth Cukier, Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Francis de Véricourt. From pandemics to populism, AI to ISIS, wealth inequity to climate change, humanity faces unprecedented challenges that threaten our very existence.
To frame is to make a mental model that enables us to see patterns, predict how things will unfold, and make sense of new situations. Frames guide the decisions we make and the results we attain. Science has long focused on traits like memory and reasoning leaving framing all but ignored. But with computers becoming better at some of those cognitive tasks, framing stands out as a critical function—and only humans can do it. This book is the first guide to mastering this innate human ability.
Illustrating their case with compelling examples and the latest research, authors Cukier, Mayer-Schönberger and de Véricourt examine:
· Why advice to “think outside the box” is useless.
· How the Wright brothers, with no formal physics training, enabled humanity’s first flight.
· What enabled the 1976 Israeli commando raid on Entebbe to rescue over 100 hostages.
· How the #MeToo twitter hashtag reframed the perception of sexual assault.
· The disaster of framing Covid-19 as equivalent to seasonal flu, and how modeling it on SARS delivered New Zealand from the pandemic.
Framers shows how framing is not just a way to improve how we make decisions in the era of algorithms but will be a matter of survival for humanity in a time of societal upheaval and machine prosperity.